As of 20th July 2025, the world continues to witness deadly conflicts rooted in ethnic, tribal, religious, and ideological divisions. Below is a concise snapshot of key warzones and communal flashpoints, highlighting the groups involved and primary causes of unrest:
1. Sudan (Darfur and South Kordofan)
- Communities Involved: Arab militias (Janjaweed offshoots) vs African tribal groups (Masalit, Zaghawa)
- Nature of Conflict: Tribal and ethnic cleansing
- Main Cause: Power vacuum after 2023 coup, resource control, and historic racial tensions
2. Israel-Palestine Conflict
- Communities Involved: Israeli Jews vs Palestinian Muslims (including Hamas and West Bank groups)
- Nature of Conflict: Inter-communal, nationalist, religious
- Main Cause: Gaza blockade, Jerusalem status, and settler expansions
3. Manipur, India
- Communities Involved: Meitei (Hindu majority) vs Kuki-Zo tribes (Christian minority)
- Nature of Conflict: Ethnic and religious
- Main Cause: Reservation policies, land rights, and administrative control
4. Myanmar (Chin and Karen States)
- Communities Involved: Ethnic minorities (Chin, Karen, Kachin) vs Bamar-dominated military
- Nature of Conflict: Anti-tribal suppression and ethnic cleansing
- Main Cause: Military junta’s crackdown on autonomy demands post-coup
5. Nigeria (Middle Belt & Northeast)
- Communities Involved: Fulani herders (Muslim) vs Christian farmers (Tiv, Berom, others)
- Nature of Conflict: Inter-community, tribal, religious
- Main Cause: Climate migration, grazing routes, and political representation
6. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
- Communities Involved: Hema vs Lendu tribes; dozens of militias (M23, CODECO)
- Nature of Conflict: Inter-tribal and anti-state rebellion
- Main Cause: Mineral control, historic land disputes, and ethnic revenge
7. Haiti
- Communities Involved: Urban gangs vs rural clans and anti-gang civilians
- Nature of Conflict: Criminal-territorial, bordering on civil war
- Main Cause: Government collapse, drug trade, and lawlessness
8. Yemen (North-South Divide)
- Communities Involved: Houthis (Zaidi Shia) vs Southern separatists (Sunni), government forces
- Nature of Conflict: Sectarian, tribal, and political
- Main Cause: Foreign interference (Saudi-Iran), water scarcity, and oil access
9. Ethiopia (Amhara-Tigray-Oromo Axis)
- Communities Involved: Amhara militia vs Tigrayan and Oromo groups
- Nature of Conflict: Ethnic federalism backlash
- Main Cause: Ethnic autonomy, state boundaries, and political hegemony
10. Pakistan (Balochistan & Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
- Communities Involved: Baloch nationalists, Pashtun activists vs Pakistani military
- Nature of Conflict: Anti-tribal insurgency
- Main Cause: Resource extraction, military excesses, autonomy demands
10. Pakistan (Balochistan & Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
- Communities Involved: Baloch nationalists, Pashtun activists vs Pakistani military
- Nature of Conflict: Anti-tribal insurgency
- Main Cause: Resource extraction, military excesses, autonomy demands
11. Afghanistan (Panjshir and Central Highlands)
- Communities Involved: Taliban (mostly Pashtun) vs Tajik (Northern Alliance remnants), Hazara (Shia minority)
- Nature of Conflict: Ethnic and sectarian persecution
- Main Cause: Power monopoly by Pashtun-led Taliban, historic anti-Hazara prejudice
12. Iran (Baloch and Kurdish regions)
- Communities Involved: Baloch (Sunni), Kurds (Sunni/Shia) vs Persian-dominated government
- Nature of Conflict: Anti-tribal and ethno-political suppression
- Main Cause: Cultural discrimination, economic neglect, autonomy demands
13. Cameroon (Anglophone Crisis)
- Communities Involved: Anglophone minority (Southern Cameroonians) vs Francophone government
- Nature of Conflict: Linguistic and ethnic suppression
- Main Cause: Colonial-era division, marginalization, desire for secession (Ambazonia)
14. South Africa (Zulu vs Other Ethnicities)
- Communities Involved: Zulu nationalist groups vs Tswana, Xhosa, and immigrants
- Nature of Conflict: Tribalist politics and xenophobia
- Main Cause: Power struggle within ANC, economic inequality, historic rivalries
15. Mali and Burkina Faso (Sahel Crisis)
- Communities Involved: Tuareg, Fulani, Dogon tribes vs government and jihadist militias
- Nature of Conflict: Inter-tribal, religious extremism, and ethnic retaliation
- Main Cause: Desertification, cattle raids, jihadi infiltration from Libya
16. Papua New Guinea (Highlands and Bougainville)
- Communities Involved: Bougainvilleans vs central PNG authorities; inter-tribal violence in Highlands
- Nature of Conflict: Tribal, secessionist
- Main Cause: Mining rights, historical neglect, clan revenge killings
17. Sri Lanka (Post-war tensions)
- Communities Involved: Sinhalese Buddhists vs Tamil Hindus and Muslim minorities
- Nature of Conflict: Religious-ethnic polarization
- Main Cause: Lingering wounds from civil war, Buddhist majoritarianism
18. Indonesia (Papua and Maluku)
- Communities Involved: Indigenous Papuans vs Javanese settlers and Indonesian military
- Nature of Conflict: Anti-tribal colonization and suppression
- Main Cause: Independence demand, environmental degradation, racism
19. Venezuela (Indigenous vs Mining Interests)
- Communities Involved: Yanomami and Pemon tribes vs illegal miners (backed by state or criminal gangs)
- Nature of Conflict: Anti-tribal displacement
- Main Cause: Gold mining in Amazon, lack of tribal protections
20. USA (Domestic Polarization)
- Communities Involved: Far-right militias vs ethnic minorities and progressive groups
- Nature of Conflict: Racial, ideological, and anti-immigrant
- Main Cause: Rise of white nationalism, gun culture, political polarization
21. France and Germany (Migrant-Community Clashes)
- Communities Involved: Arab/African migrants vs far-right groups and local police
- Nature of Conflict: Inter-community and racial clashes
- Main Cause: Islamophobia, economic ghettoization, anti-immigrant sentiment
22. Brazil (Favelas and Indigenous Zones)
- Communities Involved: Afro-Brazilian urban communities, Indigenous Amazonians vs landowners, state police
- Nature of Conflict: Class, racial, and anti-tribal violence
- Main Cause: Land grabs, systemic racism, drug militia violence
23. Philippines (Mindanao Region)
- Communities Involved: Moro Muslims vs Christian settlers and government forces
- Nature of Conflict: Religious, tribal, and resource-based
- Main Cause: Oil, historic injustices under colonialism and dictatorship
24. Russia (North Caucasus & Siberia)
- Communities Involved: Chechens, Ingush, Buryats vs Russian state apparatus
- Nature of Conflict: Anti-tribal suppression and autonomy denial
- Main Cause: Resistance to Russification, forced conscription, economic exploitation
25. China (Xinjiang & Tibet)
- Communities Involved: Uyghur Muslims and Tibetan Buddhists vs Han Chinese government
- Nature of Conflict: Cultural genocide, ethnic cleansing
- Main Cause: Religious repression, surveillance state, demographic change
