As temperatures soar to record-breaking highs across India this year, heatwaves have become more than just an inconvenience — they are a serious public health threat. The Indian Meteorological Department has issued repeated warnings about extreme temperatures, especially in northern and central states. With global climate change intensifying each year, understanding how to stay safe during these periods is critical.
Heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke, can occur when the body is unable to cool itself effectively. Symptoms may include heavy sweating, fatigue, headache, dizziness, and in severe cases, confusion or unconsciousness. Children, elderly individuals, outdoor workers, and people with chronic conditions are particularly vulnerable.
Hydration is the first and most vital defence. Drink plenty of water throughout the day, even if you’re not feeling thirsty. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and sugary drinks as they can lead to dehydration. Including oral rehydration solutions (ORS) or homemade electrolyte drinks like lemon water with a pinch of salt and sugar can help replenish lost salts.
Clothing and shelter also play a vital role. Wear loose, light-coloured, and breathable cotton clothing. Stay indoors during peak heat hours (12 PM to 4 PM) and use curtains or shades to block direct sunlight. For those who must go out, carrying an umbrella or wearing a wide-brimmed hat can provide protection.
Dietary adjustments help the body cope better — opt for seasonal fruits like watermelon, cucumber, and muskmelon that have high water content. Avoid heavy, fried, or spicy meals.
Public awareness campaigns by health authorities are crucial, but community action matters too. Check on elderly neighbours or those living alone, ensure water availability in public places, and report symptoms early to nearby health centres.
As climate patterns become more erratic, adapting to extreme weather is no longer optional — it’s essential. Staying informed, taking preventive steps, and looking out for each other can save lives.
